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DCR
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- Entity Type
- Diseases
- Relation Groups
- 1
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- 8
Basic Information
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Core Information
- Disease Name
- Down Syndrome
- Standard Disease Name
- down syndrome
- MeSH Tree
- No data
- ICD-10
- No data
Identifiers
- DO ID
- No data
- MeSH ID
- No data
- OMIM ID
- 190685
- UMLS ID
- C0013080|C1860788|C1860787|C1860789|C0013080|C1860786
- HPO ID
- No data
Description and Extensions
- Description
- NCI2016_NCI-GLOSS_1602D:A disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and characterized by mental retardation and distinguishing physical features.|NCI2016_02D:A syndrome characterized by the presence of three complete copies of genetic material for chromosome 21, instead of the normal two. It leads to a variety of abnormalities that include mental retardation, macroglossia, microgenia, epicanthic eyelids, and a single transverse palmar crease.|NCI2016_02D:A chromosomal dysgenesis syndrome resulting from a triplication or translocation of chromosome 21. Down syndrome occurs in approximately 1:700 live births. Abnormalities are variable from individual to individual and may include mental retardation, retarded growth, flat hypoplastic face with short nose, prominent epicanthic skin folds, small low-set ears with prominent antihelix, fissured and thickened tongue, laxness of joint ligaments, pelvic dysplasia, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, transverse palmar crease, lenticular opacities and heart disease. Patients with Down syndrome have an estimated 10 to 30-fold increased risk for leukemia; most have symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by age 40. Also known as trisomy 21 syndrome.|MSH2017_2016_08_12:A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)|MEDLINEPLUS_20151021:<p>Down syndrome is a condition in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. People with Down syndrome can have physical problems, as well as intellectual disabilities. Every person born with Down syndrome is different.</p> <p>People with the syndrome may also have other health problems. They may be born with heart disease. They may have dementia. They may have hearing problems and problems with the intestines, eyes, thyroid, and skeleton.</p> <p>The chance of having a baby with Down syndrome increases as a woman gets older. Down syndrome cannot be cured. Early treatment programs can help improve skills. They may include speech, physical, occupational, and/or educational therapy. With support and treatment, many people with Down syndrome live happy, productive lives.</p> <p >NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p>|JABL99:The most frequently occurring mental retardation/multiple anomaly syndrome usually involving more than 100 individual defects. Typical facies with upslanting palpebral fissures is the characteristic feature of this syndrome (hence the offensive designations "mongoloid idiocy" and "mongolism"). A wide range other defects, such as congenital heart diseases, respiratory disorders, and leukemia, may be associated. Down syndrome patients who survive into late adulthood may develop Alzheimer syndrome.|CSP2006:chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21; clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, simian crease, and moderate to severe mental retardation.
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